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Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12(5):478-488. doi:10.7150/ijbs.13815 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Ebselen Is a Potential Anti-Osteoporosis Agent by Suppressing Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Ligand-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation In vitro and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Bone Destruction In vivo

Jong Min Baek^1,#, Ju-Young Kim^2,#, Kwon-Ha Yoon^2,3, Jaemin Oh^{1,2,5, ✉}, Myeung Su Lee^2,4,5,✉

1. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
2. Imaging Science-based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
3. Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
4. Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
5. Institute for Skeletal Disease, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
# These authors contributed equally to this work.

✉ Corresponding authors: Jaemin Oh1 and Myeung Su Lee2. 1Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea. Fax: +82 63 852 9115; E-mail address: jmohac.kr (J. Oh). 2Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea. Fax: +82 63 852 2661; E-mail address: ckhlmsac.kr (M.S. Lee) More

Abstract

Ebselen is a non-toxic seleno-organic drug with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that is currently being examined in clinical trials to prevent and treat various diseases, including atherosclerosis, stroke, and cancer. However, no reports are available for verifying the pharmacological effects of ebselen on major metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis. In this study, we observed that ebselen suppressed the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells in an osteoblast/osteoclast co-culture by regulating the ratio of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin secreted by osteoblasts. In addition, ebselen treatment in the early stage of osteoclast differentiation inhibited RANKL-dependent osteoclastogenesis by decreasing the phosphorylation of IκB, PI3K, and Akt in early signaling pathways and by subsequently inducing c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T-cells c1. Further, ebselen induced apoptosis of osteoclasts in the late stage of osteoclast differentiation. In addition, ebselen treatment suppressed filamentous actin ring formation and bone resorption activity of mature osteoclasts. Reflecting these in vitro effects, administration of ebselen recovered bone loss and its µ-CT parameters in lipopolysaccharide-mediated mouse model. Histological analysis confirmed that ebselen prevented trabecular bone matrix degradation and osteoclast formation in the bone tissues. Finally, it was proved that the anti-osteoclastogenic action of ebselen is achieved through targeting N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. These results indicate that ebselen is a potentially safe drug for treating metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis.

Keywords: Ebselen, Osteoclast, Bone resorption, Osteoporosis

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