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Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20(2):765-783. doi:10.7150/ijbs.91295 This issue Cite

Review

Radiotherapy in Preclinical Models of Brain Metastases: A Review and Recommendations for Future Studies

Wen Shi1#, Guilong Tanzhu1#, Liu Chen1, Jiaoyang Ning1, Hongji Wang1, Gang Xiao1, Haiqin Peng1, Di Jing1, Huadong Liang2, Jing Nie2, Min Yi2, Rongrong Zhou1,3,4✉

1. Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
2. Department of Technology, Hunan SJA Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
3. Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
4. National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
# Wen Shi and Guilong Tanzhu contributed equally to this work.

✉ Corresponding author: Rongrong Zhou, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, China, E-mail: zhourredu.cn.

Citation:
Shi W, Tanzhu G, Chen L, Ning J, Wang H, Xiao G, Peng H, Jing D, Liang H, Nie J, Yi M, Zhou R. Radiotherapy in Preclinical Models of Brain Metastases: A Review and Recommendations for Future Studies. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20(2):765-783. doi:10.7150/ijbs.91295. https://www.ijbs.com/v20p0765.htm
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Abstract

Graphic abstract

Brain metastases (BMs) frequently occur in primary tumors such as lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma, and are associated with notably short natural survival. In addition to surgical interventions, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, radiotherapy (RT) is a crucial treatment for BM and encompasses whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Validating the efficacy and safety of treatment regimens through preclinical models is imperative for successful translation to clinical application. This not only advances fundamental research but also forms the theoretical foundation for clinical study. This review, grounded in animal models of brain metastases (AM-BM), explores the theoretical underpinnings and practical applications of radiotherapy in combination with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and emerging technologies such as nanomaterials and oxygen-containing microbubbles. Initially, we provided a concise overview of the establishment of AM-BMs. Subsequently, we summarize key RT parameters (RT mode, dose, fraction, dose rate) and their corresponding effects in AM-BMs. Finally, we present a comprehensive analysis of the current research status and future directions for combination therapy based on RT. In summary, there is presently no standardized regimen for AM-BM treatment involving RT. Further research is essential to deepen our understanding of the relationships between various parameters and their respective effects.

Keywords: Brain metastasis, Radiotherapy, Dose fractionation, Radiation, Animal models, Combined modality therapy

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APA
Shi, W., Tanzhu, G., Chen, L., Ning, J., Wang, H., Xiao, G., Peng, H., Jing, D., Liang, H., Nie, J., Yi, M., Zhou, R. (2024). Radiotherapy in Preclinical Models of Brain Metastases: A Review and Recommendations for Future Studies. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 20(2), 765-783. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.91295.

ACS
Shi, W.; Tanzhu, G.; Chen, L.; Ning, J.; Wang, H.; Xiao, G.; Peng, H.; Jing, D.; Liang, H.; Nie, J.; Yi, M.; Zhou, R. Radiotherapy in Preclinical Models of Brain Metastases: A Review and Recommendations for Future Studies. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 2024, 20 (2), 765-783. DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.91295.

NLM
Shi W, Tanzhu G, Chen L, Ning J, Wang H, Xiao G, Peng H, Jing D, Liang H, Nie J, Yi M, Zhou R. Radiotherapy in Preclinical Models of Brain Metastases: A Review and Recommendations for Future Studies. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20(2):765-783. doi:10.7150/ijbs.91295. https://www.ijbs.com/v20p0765.htm

CSE
Shi W, Tanzhu G, Chen L, Ning J, Wang H, Xiao G, Peng H, Jing D, Liang H, Nie J, Yi M, Zhou R. 2024. Radiotherapy in Preclinical Models of Brain Metastases: A Review and Recommendations for Future Studies. Int J Biol Sci. 20(2):765-783.

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