Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10(6):643-651. doi:10.7150/ijbs.8974 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Androgen Receptor Mutations and Polymorphisms in African American Prostate Cancer

Shahriar Koochekpour1, 2✉, Erick Buckles3, 4, Mojgan Shourideh1, SiYi Hu4, Dhyan Chandra5, Jovanny Zabaleta4, 6, Kristopher Attwood7

1. Department of Cancer Genetics, Center for Pharmacology and Genetics, Elm and Carlton Streets, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.
2. Department of Urology, Center for Pharmacology and Genetics, Elm and Carlton streets, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.
3. Department of Biology, Dillard University, New Orleans, Louisiana.
4. Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.
5. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.
6. Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.
7. Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.

Citation:
Koochekpour S, Buckles E, Shourideh M, Hu S, Chandra D, Zabaleta J, Attwood K. Androgen Receptor Mutations and Polymorphisms in African American Prostate Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10(6):643-651. doi:10.7150/ijbs.8974. https://www.ijbs.com/v10p0643.htm
Other styles

File import instruction

Abstract

The Androgen receptor (AR) plays a central role in the normal development of the prostate gland, in prostate carcinogenesis, and in the progression of prostate cancer (PCa) to advanced metastatic disease. African American (AA) men with PCa present with higher tumor volume, more advanced tumor stage, and higher Gleason score. This could be in part related to the AR expression or activity in the prostate tissue of AA men, or to unique mutations or polymorphisms of the AR. In Caucasian Americans (CAs), AR mutations are rare or infrequent in organ-confined tumors, but occur at a higher rate in advanced, metastatic, or castrate-recurrent disease. In AAs, the prevalence, clinical, and biological significance of AR mutations in PCa are unknown. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of somatic and germline AR mutations in patients with primary PCa in AAs compared with CAs. Due to very limited data available on allelic distribution of E213 (G/A) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), we also assessed this in patients with sporadic PCa and in unrelated healthy individuals from both ethnic populations. Somatic missense AR mutations were detected at a higher rate in AAs (17 out of 200 cases) than in CAs (2 out of 100 cases). In AAs, the majority of these mutations (41.1%) were from Gleason 7 tumors, a small portion (23.5%) from Gleason 8 tumors, and the rest (35.2%) from Gleason 6 tumors. Analysis of genomic DNAs extracted from white blood cells of patients with sporadic PCa revealed that the rate of germline AR mutations were also higher (~4 times) in AAs than in CAs. With respect to E213 (G/A) SNP, the E213 A-allele expression was 5.85 times higher in healthy unrelated AA men than in CA men. However, in AAs with somatic AR mutation, the E213 G-allele distribution was almost equal to the A-allele. Silencing of one of the somatic AR mutations (i.e., 597 Ser>Gly) in a primary AA-PCa cell line (e.g., E006AA) revealed that similar AR mutation can be associated simultaneously with both “gain-of-function” phenotype (cell migration and invasion) and a “loss-of-function” phenotype (proliferation). Our data demonstrated a higher susceptibility for genetic alterations in the AR in the form of somatic mutations in sporadic PCa or in the form of germline mutations in AAs as compared with CAs. These data may support the idea that AR-specific hypermutator phenotype in combination with other genes, might serve as a contributing factor to ethnic differences in PCa and potentially different clinical outcome in AAs as a high-risk population.

Keywords: Androgen receptor, prostate cancer, African American, mutations


Citation styles

APA
Koochekpour, S., Buckles, E., Shourideh, M., Hu, S., Chandra, D., Zabaleta, J., Attwood, K. (2014). Androgen Receptor Mutations and Polymorphisms in African American Prostate Cancer. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 10(6), 643-651. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.8974.

ACS
Koochekpour, S.; Buckles, E.; Shourideh, M.; Hu, S.; Chandra, D.; Zabaleta, J.; Attwood, K. Androgen Receptor Mutations and Polymorphisms in African American Prostate Cancer. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 2014, 10 (6), 643-651. DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.8974.

NLM
Koochekpour S, Buckles E, Shourideh M, Hu S, Chandra D, Zabaleta J, Attwood K. Androgen Receptor Mutations and Polymorphisms in African American Prostate Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10(6):643-651. doi:10.7150/ijbs.8974. https://www.ijbs.com/v10p0643.htm

CSE
Koochekpour S, Buckles E, Shourideh M, Hu S, Chandra D, Zabaleta J, Attwood K. 2014. Androgen Receptor Mutations and Polymorphisms in African American Prostate Cancer. Int J Biol Sci. 10(6):643-651.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY-NC) License. See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions.
Popup Image