Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12(9):1093-1103. doi:10.7150/ijbs.16060 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Cooperation of Doxycycline with Phytochemicals and Micronutrients Against Active and Persistent Forms of Borrelia sp

Anna Goc, Alexandra Niedzwiecki, Matthias Rath

Dr. Rath Research Institute BV, Santa Clara, California 95050, USA.

Citation:
Goc A, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M. Cooperation of Doxycycline with Phytochemicals and Micronutrients Against Active and Persistent Forms of Borrelia sp. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12(9):1093-1103. doi:10.7150/ijbs.16060. https://www.ijbs.com/v12p1093.htm
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Abstract

Graphic abstract

Phytochemicals and micronutrients represent a growing theme in antimicrobial defense; however, little is known about their anti-borreliae effects of reciprocal cooperation with antibiotics. A better understanding of this aspect could advance our knowledge and help improve the efficacy of current approaches towards Borrelia sp. In this study, phytochemicals and micronutrients such as baicalein, luteolin, 10-HAD, iodine, rosmarinic acid, and monolaurin, as well as, vitamins D3 and C were tested in a combinations with doxycycline for their in vitro effectiveness against vegetative (spirochetes) and latent (rounded bodies, biofilm) forms of Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia garinii. Anti-borreliae effects were evaluated according to checkerboard assays and supported by statistical analysis. The results showed that combination of doxycycline with flavones such as baicalein and luteolin exhibited additive effects against all morphological forms of studied Borrelia sp. Doxycycline combined with iodine demonstrated additive effects against spirochetes and biofilm, whereas with fatty acids such as monolaurin and 10-HAD it produced FICIs of indifference. Additive anti-spirochetal effects were also observed when doxycycline was used with rosmarinic acid and both vitamins D3 and C. Antagonism was not observed in any of the cases. This data revealed the intrinsic anti-borreliae activity of doxycycline with tested phytochemicals and micronutrients indicating that their addition may enhance efficacy of this antibiotic in combating Borrelia sp. Especially the addition of flavones balcalein and luteolin to a doxycycline regimen could be explored further in defining more effective treatments against these bacteria.

Keywords: Borrelia sp., spirochetes, cysts, biofilm, phytochemicals, doxycycline.


Citation styles

APA
Goc, A., Niedzwiecki, A., Rath, M. (2016). Cooperation of Doxycycline with Phytochemicals and Micronutrients Against Active and Persistent Forms of Borrelia sp. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 12(9), 1093-1103. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.16060.

ACS
Goc, A.; Niedzwiecki, A.; Rath, M. Cooperation of Doxycycline with Phytochemicals and Micronutrients Against Active and Persistent Forms of Borrelia sp. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 2016, 12 (9), 1093-1103. DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.16060.

NLM
Goc A, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M. Cooperation of Doxycycline with Phytochemicals and Micronutrients Against Active and Persistent Forms of Borrelia sp. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12(9):1093-1103. doi:10.7150/ijbs.16060. https://www.ijbs.com/v12p1093.htm

CSE
Goc A, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M. 2016. Cooperation of Doxycycline with Phytochemicals and Micronutrients Against Active and Persistent Forms of Borrelia sp. Int J Biol Sci. 12(9):1093-1103.

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